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A hand grenade was thrown from a passing car at a joint police-Maidan self-defence checkpoint outside Odesa on 25 April, injuring seven people, and causing heightened tensions in the region. Anti-government demonstration in Odesa , 13 April Pro-government and anti- Russian military intervention in Ukraine demonstration in Odesa, 9 March Anti-government and pro-Russian Odesskaya Druzhina militants at the Trade Unions House encampment on 14 April.
The sign of an anti-government protester: "To the commander and personnel of the Mariupol military unit , those who shot unarmed people are an indelible sin! Eternal damnation! Anti-government far-right Odesskaya Druzhina militants holding a banner on the 20 April, with the neo-nazi Kolovrat symbol visible on their uniforms. Pro-Unity [17]. Pro-Federalism [17].
A detailed minute-by-minute timeline of events has been compiled by "the 2 May Group", an organisation of 13 local journalists and experts investigating the tragedy on a volunteer basis. The plan for dismantling the camp was agreed by representatives of local authorities and police, by pro-Maidan leaders and also by some anti-Maidan leaders, who thought that the maintenance of their camp had become too expensive and detrimental to their cause.
According to the original plan agreed by the factions in secret, the demolition of the tents had to take his hands out of gangs of football fans "ultras" after the end of a football match. Liquidation of the tent camp in this way the interests of all parties and should have happened without casualties or violent fightings: this way, anti-Maidan forces would have avoided the embarrassment of shutting the campo down themselves and instead be later able to claim that they were victimized.
According to the 2 May Group investigation, the plan was foiled when the tent-camp leadership split and one radical anti-Maidan group issued an appeal to anti-Maidan activists to gather in downtown Odesa to prevent a march of "fascists".
A rally at for national unity was held in Sobornaya Square by about 1, people, including many FC Chornomorets Odesa and FC Metalist Kharkiv fans, along with right-wing Right Sector members and ordinary people.
Attendees told journalists beforehand that they had found out through social media that "anti-Maidan supporters were calling for everyone to gather and crush the unification march. As reported by the Council of Europe , police officers made little, if any, effort to intervene and stop the violence, and video footage gave rise to allegations of collusion between the police and anti-Maidan protesters para.
Following the attack on the pro-Maidan rally, numerous fights broke out. Both sides fought running battles against one other, exchanging stones and petrol bombs, and built barricades throughout the city during the afternoon. Witnesses pointed out that he was shooting from behind the police line, effectively covered by the law enforcement operatives. The first victim was Igor Ivanov, who died from a 5.
Afterwards the pro-Russian activists claimed that Budko was using blank rounds or, in another version, an airsoft replica. However, analysis of videos by the 2 May Group proved that Budko was indeed using a real AK with live rounds.
Videos from the killing of Ivanov, rapidly spreading in social networks, was — according to people interviewed by OmTV — the tipping point in the conflict and resulted in bringing in a large number of Molotov cocktails , further airguns and hunting rifles to the conflict.
Four anti-Maidan activists died from firearms shortly after on Hretska Ploshcha : Evgeniy Losinsky, Alexandr Zhulkov, Nikolai Yavorskiy — from hunting bullets, and Gennadiy Petrov — from 5.
As soon as word spread about the attack by pro-Russian demonstrators, a call by pro-Maidan demonstrators to go to Kulikovo Field and destroy the anti-Maidan camp emerged on social networks. Reports about the precise sequence of events that followed vary between different sources, including several confirmed fake reports being spread through social networks. Several eyewitnesses told the BBC that the fire started on the third floor when a petrol bomb was thrown at a closed window from inside the building, and the Kyiv Post reported that several flaming bottles held by Ukrainian unity activists outside were thrown into the front entrance, and through the windows on the second and fourth floors.
As reported by the International Advisory Panel of the Council of Europe , forensic examination of the fire by the Ukrainian Ministry of the Interior identified five independent fire centres: in the lobby of the building, on the staircases between the ground and first floors, in a room on the first floor, and on the landing between the second and third floors para.
According to the Prosecutor General's Office, the fire started in the lobby and people died as a result of the rapid spread of the fire due to the chimney effect of the central stairwell. Molotov cocktails had been used by both parties to the conflict, and that there was no evidence of pre-planned arson or of the use of chloroform or other toxic agents para. According to the 2 May Group, many people fled to upper floors and died rather than leaving the building through the other exits on the ground floor, possibly because they were afraid of the pro-unity activists outside.
No-one died in the Trade Union Building other than as a direct result of the fire: most of the victims died from carbon monoxide poisoning and burn injuries, and some others as a result of trying to escape the fire by jumping out of the building Annex VII.
Fifty anti-Maidan activists remained on the roof, barricading themselves in and refusing to leave, [74] and evacuated the building at around 4 am, after long negotiations with the police. The high number of deaths may also have been caused by the delay in the emergency services ' response, according to the International Advisory Panel of the Council of Europe and to the investigations by the 2 May Group.
The audio recording of the telephone calls to the dispatch centre was later posted on the Internet, and the dispatcher can be heard telling callers that there was no risk involved in burning tents in an open space, and then hanging up; at some point she consulted a superior as to whether she should continue to respond in this way and was instructed to do so para.
The local police was also slow to intervene. According to the International Advisory Panel, they started to arrest protesters only after 41 persons had already died and, when the fire was extinguished, they entered the building and arrested 63 anti-Maidan who were still inside or on the roof para. The names of all victims have been established by journalists and published by local media: Dumska [93] and Timer.
Hospital staff reported that were injured, and 25 were in critical condition. On the day of the event there appeared rumors that of those who died in the fire, fifteen were Russian citizens, and five were from Transnistria.
On Russian-speaking social networks and pro-Russian online platforms unconfirmed accounts claimed that some anti-Maidan protesters had been beaten, raped and killed in the Trade Unions House before the fire broke out.
Rumors that some kind of poisonous substance had been used in the House of Trade Unions began to appear almost immediately after the tragedy. On 3 May, First Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine , Vitaliy Yarema , noted that people "died suddenly, very quickly" due to the burning of "a certain substance that emitted gas.
At a press conference on 15 May , Ivan Katerynchuk, Head of the Ministry of Interior Office in the Odesa Region, denied that any gas had been used to poison those inside the Trade Union Building. Sakal added that the mixture containing chloroform had been in the Trade Unions building for several days. Sakal said that an investigation to determine the substance's origin was ongoing, and that Ukrainian investigators have urged the Israeli Embassy to provide skilled professionals to assist Ukrainian specialists in this regard.
Russian experts in organic chemistry were skeptical about claims that chloroform could have been the cause of death of those killed in the House of Trade Unions. According to them, in order for several dozen people to be poisoned to death with chloroform even in a relatively small room, "it must be spilled in extremely large quantities - many tens, if not hundreds of liters.
In November the International Advisory Panel of the Council of Europe , summarising the forensic investigations made by the Ukrainian Prosecutor General's Office and by the 2 May Group, reported that the use of poisonous gases or chloroform had not been confirmed, and stated that it was "regrettable that definitive statements were made on the matter when it was still the subject of examination by forensic experts" para.
The city of Odesa announced that three days of mourning would be held in honour of those who died in the clashes. Both pro-Russian and pro-Maidan demonstrators gathered outside the burnt Trade Unions House on the day after the clashes. In response to the conflict, Odesa governor Nemirovsky announced the formation of a 'territorial defence battalion' of the army and would be recruiting to quickly restore order in the region.
In July, the court ordered Nemirovsky to refute this false report. Investigators probed four theories: an order to extremist groups to destabilise the situation in Ukraine; unlawful activity by Odesa regional authorities and police aimed at discrediting the then-current central government; unchecked actions by football fans and pro-Russia groups; and a provocation by radical individuals.
As of May , the official investigation was still in progress and criticized by Ukrainian human-rights groups and international bodies for lack of progress and failure to investigate key evidence. At least one case had been taken to European Court of Human Rights by a mother whose son died in the clashes. criminal prosecutions appear to have been initiated in a partial fashion.
Only activists from the 'pro-federalism' camp have been prosecuted so far, while the majority of victims were supporters of 'pro-federalism' movement The investigations into the violence have been affected by systemic institutional deficiencies and characterized by procedural irregularities, which appear to indicate an unwillingness to genuinely investigate and prosecute those responsible.
Pro-Maidan activist Serhiy Khodiak was officially accused of murder, but he was not arrested. Although the pre-trial investigation was completed in August , the trial had not yet started as of May Some of them launched a hunger strike. A Euromaidan activist Vsevolod Honcharevskii is accused in beating people who jumped out of the windows of the House of Trade Unions. He was detained in August , but the court decided to release him one month later. In the court resumed an investigation against him, but in October Goncharevskii was still free and participating in military operations against separatists.
In September , the Chornomorsk town court of Odesa Oblast concluded that all 19 people accused of participation in the clashes on Hretska ploshcha, are not guilty. The court criticized the prosecution for being biased against the anti-Maidan activists and for low quality of investigation. However, two of them were immediately arrested again by SBU on new charges related to a peaceful anti-Maidan motor rally in March The court is under severe pressure, e.
on 27 November , the Malynovskyi District Court of Odesa granted release on bail to five anti-Maidan detainees. In response, around 50 Right Sector and other Euromaidan activists blocked the detention facility searching all vehicles for the detainees to be released, they pressured the prosecution to appeal, blocked the judge of the Court of Appeals of Odesa Region in his office, urging him to grant the appeal, and forced the judges of the Malynovskyi District Court to resign.
In a few days, the decision to release the detainees was cancelled, in violation of procedural law. UN OHCHR reported in about the lack of progress in investigations into harassment of and pressure on judges dealing with the mass disorder cases by Euromaidan activists, despite the identification of some alleged perpetrators by victims or witnesses.
The day after the fire, the Interior Ministry released a statement saying that people had been arrested. They said that the meticulous preparation of the unrest in the town was evident from the fact that the majority of the detainees who had been identified at the time were Russian nationals and residents of Transnistria. Police confiscated firearms and a significant amount of incendiary mixture during the arrests.
According to the Security Service of Ukraine SBU , the clashes that took place involved the participation of 'illegal military groups' and mercenaries coordinated in Transnistria by subversive groups from Russia, and financed by former members of the Yanukovych government. The Ministry of Internal Affairs MVS announced that among the conflict organizers it had detained, at least three were citizens of the Russian Federation.
Among them were named Evgeny Mefedov, from Yoshkar-Ola ; Andrei Krasilnikov, from Nizhny Novgorod ; and Alexander Zolotashko.
As of May , two Russian nationals, Mefedov and Sakauov, had remained in custody for 2 years despite the prosecution failing to provide sufficient evidence against them.
Both citizens of the Russian Federation launched a hunger strike. In September , the Chornomorsk town court declared that both Russian citizens, Mefedov and Sakauov as well as 17 other accused , are not guilty and ordered their immediate release.
The court concluded that the presented evidence was untenable, and the prosecution was biased against the anti-Maidan activists. After the judgement was pronounced, SBU immediately re-arrested Mefedov along with a Ukrainian citizen Dolzhenkov in the courtroom, on charges of "trespass against the territorial integrity of Ukraine".
Governor of Odesa Oblast Volodymyr Nemyrovsky stated on 2 May that the conflict could have been avoided had police fulfilled their duties, and accused police of inciting the confrontation and taking bribes to switch allegiance to the separatists' side. Several police were seen donning the red armbands worn by anti-Maidan protesters. The leadership of the local police was then fired and may face criminal charges.
Arsen Avakov , the interior minister, blamed local politicians for the events. 附属中学校の情報を見たい方はこちら！ 東山中学校 偏差値： 校則がおかしすぎる。髪型の校則はツーブロックはダメ。前髪も目にかかったらダメ。耳にもかかったらだめ。襟足は制服のえりについたらダメ。 バイトも禁止。校内でのスマホを使用禁止。部活によってはSNS禁止などもある。. 東山高等学校 が気になったら！. デジタルパンフレット を見る プロフィール登録後に閲覧できます. 説明会 に行ってみる. 進学実績 大学名 偏差値 国立私立 都道府県 合格者数 立命館大学 京都府 京都市左京区 永観堂町51 ここに地図が表示されます. この高校のコンテンツ一覧 高校トップ 偏差値 口コミ 進学実績 画像 有名人.
口コミを投稿する 画像を投稿する. おすすめのコンテンツ 京都府の偏差値が近い高校. よくある質問 東山高等学校の評判は良いですか？. Mechnykov' National University. This university is the oldest in the city and was first founded by an edict of Tsar Alexander II of Russia in as the Imperial Novorossian University. Since then the university has developed to become one of modern Ukraine's leading research and teaching universities, with staff of around 1, and total of thirteen academic faculties.
Other than the National University, the city is also home to the inaugurated Odesa National Economic University , the Odesa National Medical University founded , the founded Odesa National Polytechnic University.
In addition to these universities, the city is home to the National University "Odesa Law Academy" , the National Academy of Telecommunications, the Odesa State Environmental University and the Odesa National Maritime Academy.
The last of these institutions is a highly specialised and prestigious establishment for the preparation and training of merchant mariners which sees around 1, newly qualified officer cadets graduate each year and take up employment in the merchant marines of numerous countries around the world. The South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University is also based in the city, this is one of the largest institutions for the preparation of educational specialists in Ukraine and is recognised as one of the country's finest of such universities.
In addition to all the state-run universities mentioned above, Odesa is also home to many private educational institutes and academies which offer highly specified courses in a range of different subjects.
With regard to primary and secondary education, Odesa has many schools catering for all ages from kindergarten through to lyceum final secondary school level age.
Most of these schools are state-owned and operated, and all schools have to be state-accredited in order to teach children. Fine Arts museum is the biggest art gallery in the city, which collection includes canvas mostly of Russian painters from 17thst centuries, icon collection and modern art.
The Odesa Museum of Western and Eastern Art is big art museum; it has large European collections from the 16—20th centuries along with the art from the East on display. There are paintings from Caravaggio , Mignard , Hals , Teniers and Del Piombo. Of note is Odesa's Alexander Pushkin Museum , which is dedicated to detailing the short time Pushkin spent in exile in Odesa, a period during which he continued to write.
Among the city's public sculptures, two sets of Medici lions can be noted, at the Vorontsov Palace [93] as well as the Starosinnyi Garden. Jacob Adler , the major star of the Yiddish theatre in New York and father of the actor, director and teacher Stella Adler , was born and spent his youth in Odesa. The most popular Russian show business people from Odesa are Yakov Smirnoff comedian , Mikhail Zhvanetsky legendary humorist writer, who began his career as a port engineer and Roman Kartsev comedian.
Zhvanetsky's and Kartsev's success in the s, along with Odesa's KVN team, contributed to Odesa's established status as "capital of Soviet humor", culminating in the annual Humoryna festival, carried out around the beginning of April.
Odesa was also the home of the late Armenian painter Sarkis Ordyan — , the Ukrainian painter Mickola Vorokhta and the Greek philologist, author and promoter of Demotic Greek Ioannis Psycharis — Yuri Siritsov , bass player of the Israeli Metal band PallaneX is originally from Odesa.
Igor Glazer Production Manager Baruch Agadati — , the Israeli classical ballet dancer, choreographer, painter, and film producer and director grew up in Odesa, as did Israeli artist and author Nachum Gutman — Israeli painter Avigdor Stematsky —89 was born in Odesa.
Odesa produced one of the founders of the Soviet violin school, Pyotr Stolyarsky. It has also produced many musicians, including the violinists Nathan Milstein , David Oistrakh and Igor Oistrakh , Boris Goldstein , Zakhar Bron and pianists Sviatoslav Richter , Benno Moiseiwitsch , Vladimir de Pachmann , Shura Cherkassky , Emil Gilels , Maria Grinberg , Simon Barere , Leo Podolsky and Yakov Zak.
Note: Richter studied in Odesa but was not born there. The Odesa International Film Festival is also held in this city annually since Poet Anna Akhmatova was born in Bolshoy Fontan near Odesa, [95] however her further work was not connected with the city and its literary tradition.
Odesa has produced many writers, including Isaac Babel , whose series of short stories, Odessa Tales , are set in the city. Other Odesans are the duo Ilf and Petrov —authors of The Twelve Chairs , and Yuri Olesha , author of " The Three Fat Men ". Vera Inber , a poet and writer, as well as the poet and journalist Margarita Aliger , were both born in Odesa.
The Italian writer, Slavist and anti-fascist dissident Leone Ginzburg was born in Odesa into a Jewish family, and then went to Italy where he grew up and lived.
One of the most prominent pre-war Soviet writers , Valentin Kataev , was born here and began his writing career as early as high school gymnasia. Before moving to Moscow in , he made quite a few acquaintances here, including Yury Olesha and Ilya Ilf Ilf's co-author Petrov was in fact Kataev's brother, Petrov being his pen-name.
Kataev became a benefactor for these young authors, who would become some of the most talented and popular Russian writers of this period. These authors and comedians played a great role in establishing the "Odesa myth" in the Soviet Union. Odesans were and are viewed in the ethnic stereotype as sharp-witted, street-wise and eternally optimistic. The "Odessite speech" became a staple of the "Soviet Jew" depicted in a multitude of jokes and comedy acts, in which a Jewish adherent served as a wise and subtle dissenter and opportunist, always pursuing his own well-being , but unwittingly pointing out the flaws and absurdities of the Soviet regime.
The Odesan Jew in the jokes always "came out clean" and was, in the end, a lovable character — unlike some of other jocular nation stereotypes such as The Chukcha, The Ukrainian, The Estonian or The American. Odesa is a popular tourist destination , with many therapeutic resorts in and around the city.
April Fools' Day , held annually on 1 April, is one of the most celebrated festivals in the city. Practical joking is a central theme throughout, and Odesans dress in unique, colorful attire to express their spontaneous and comedic selves. The tradition has been celebrated since the early s, when the humor of Ukraine's citizens were drawn to television and the media, further developing into a mass festival.
Large amounts of money are made from the festivities, supporting Odesa's local entertainers and shops. Pyotr Schmidt — better known as "Lieutenant Schmidt" , one of the leaders of the Sevastopol uprising , was born in Odesa. Ze'ev Jabotinsky — , was born in Odesa, and largely developed his version of Zionism there in the early s.
Sidney Reilly ca. Another intelligence agent from Odesa was Genrikh Lyushkov — , who joined the Odesa Cheka in and reached two-star rank in the NKVD before fleeing to Japanese-occupied Manchuria in to avoid being murdered.
The composer Jacob Weinberg — was born in Odesa. He composed over works and was the founder of the Jewish National Conservatory in Jerusalem before immigrating to the U. where he became "an influential voice in the promotion of American Jewish music". Valeria Lukyanova born , a girl from Odesa who looks very similar to a Barbie doll, has received attention on the Internet and from the media for her doll-like appearance.
Mikhail Zhvanetsky — , writer, satirist and performer best known for his shows targeting different aspects of the Soviet and post-Soviet everyday life, was a famous Odesan. VitaliV Vitali Vinogradov born , an artist and sculptor based in London since , was born in Odesa. He is best known for winning season six of X-Factor Ukraine and for representing Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest , singing the song " Under the Ladder ".
Yaakov Dori — , the first Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces , and President of the Technion — Israel Institute of Technology , was born in Odesa, as was Israel Dostrovsky — , Israeli physical chemist who was the fifth president of the Weizmann Institute of Science.
Janka Bryl — , Belarusian writer, was born in Odesa. Vladimir de Pachmann — a pianist of Russian-German ethnicity noted for performing the works of Chopin, was from Odesa. Odesa's economy largely stems from its traditional role as a port city. The nearly ice-free port lies near the mouths of the Dnieper , the Southern Bug , the Dniester and the Danube rivers, which provide good links to the hinterland. The port complex contains an oil and gas transfer and storage facility, a cargo-handling area and a large passenger port.
In the Port of Odesa handled 31,, tonnes of cargo. The port of Odesa is one of the Ukrainian Navy 's most important bases on the Black Sea. Rail transport is an important sector of the economy in Odesa — largely due to the role it plays in delivering goods and imports to and from the city's port.
The Container Terminal Odesa CTO in the port is the largest container terminal in Ukraine. It has been operated by the Hamburg-based HHLA Group since and, in addition to containers, also handles bulk goods, general cargo and project cargo.
This means that Odesa is networked with the ports of Hamburg , Muuga and Trieste via the logistics group HHLA. Industrial enterprises located in and around the city include those dedicated to fuel refinement, machine building, metallurgy, and other types of light industry such as food preparation, timber plants and chemical industry. Agriculture is a relatively important sector in the territories surrounding the city.
The Seventh-Kilometer Market is a major commercial complex on the outskirts of the city where private traders now operate one of the largest market complexes in Eastern Europe.
With a staff of 1, mostly guards and janitors , the market is also the region's largest employer. It is owned by local land and agriculture tycoon Viktor A. Dobrianskyi and three partners of his.
Tavria-V is the most popular retail chain in Odesa. Key areas of business include: retail, wholesale, catering, production, construction and development, private label. Consumer recognition is mainly attributed [ by whom? Tavria-V is the biggest private company and the biggest tax payer. Deribasivska Street is one of the city's most important commercial streets, hosting many of the city's boutiques and higher-end shops. In addition to this there are a number of large commercial shopping centres in the city.
The 19th-century shopping gallery Passage was, for a long time, the city's most upscale shopping district, and remains to this day [update] an important landmark of Odesa. The tourism sector is of great importance to Odesa , which is currently [ when? Other sectors of the city's economy include the banking sector: the city hosts a branch of the National Bank of Ukraine. Imexbank , one of Ukraine's largest commercial banks, was based in the city, however on May 27, , the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Ukraine made a decision to liquidate the bank.
Foreign business ventures have thrived in the area, as since 1 January , much of the city and its surrounding area has been declared [ by whom? To date a number of Japanese and Chinese companies, as well as a host of European enterprises, have invested in the development of the free economic zone, to this end private investors in the city have invested a great deal of money into the provision of quality office real estate and modern manufacturing facilities such as warehouses and plant complexes.
Odesa also has a well-developed IT industry with large number of IT outsourcing companies and IT product startups. Among most famous startups is Looksery [] and AI Factory both developed in Odesa and acquired by Snap inc. Odesa's port is Ukraine's busiest. The Passage galleries, one of the city's landmarks. A number of world-famous scientists have lived and worked in Odesa. They include: Illya Mechnikov Nobel Prize in Medicine , [] Igor Tamm Nobel Prize in Physics , Selman Waksman Nobel Prize in Medicine , Dmitri Mendeleev , Nikolay Pirogov , Ivan Sechenov , Vladimir Filatov , Nikolay Umov , Leonid Mandelstam , Aleksandr Lyapunov , Mark Krein , Alexander Smakula , Waldemar Haffkine , Valentin Glushko , Israel Dostrovsky , and George Gamow.
Odesa is a major maritime-transport hub that includes several ports including Port of Odesa , Port of Chornomorsk ferry, freight , Yuzhne freight only. The Port of Odesa became a provisional headquarters for the Ukrainian Navy , following the Russian occupation of Crimea in Before the fall of the Soviet Union , the Port of Odesa harbored the major Soviet cruise line Black Sea Shipping Company.
Passenger ships and ferries connect Odesa with Istanbul , Haifa and Varna , whilst river cruises can occasionally be booked for travel up the Dnieper River to cities such as Kherson , Dnipro and Kyiv. The first car in the Russian Empire, a Mercedes-Benz belonging to V. Navrotsky, came to Odesa from France in Odesa is linked to the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv, by the M05 Highway , a high quality multi-lane road which is set to be re-designated, after further reconstructive works, as an 'Avtomagistral' motorway in the near future.
Other routes of national significance, passing through Odesa, include the M16 Highway to Moldova , M15 to Izmail and Romania , and the M14 which runs from Odesa, through Mykolaiv and Kherson to Ukraine's eastern border with Russia. The M14 is of particular importance to Odesa's maritime and shipbuilding industries as it links the city with Ukraine's other large deep water port Mariupol which is located in the south east of the country.
Odesa also has a well-developed system of inter-urban municipal roads and minor beltways. However, the city is still lacking an extra-urban bypass for transit traffic which does not wish to proceed through the city centre. Intercity bus services are available from Odesa to many cities in Russia Moscow, Rostov-on-Don , Krasnodar , Pyatigorsk , Germany Berlin, Hamburg and Munich , Greece Thessaloniki and Athens , Bulgaria Varna and Sofia and several cities of Ukraine and Europe.
Odesa is served by a number of railway stations and halts, the largest of which is Odesa Holovna Main Station. From this station services connect Odesa with Warsaw , Prague, Bratislava , Vienna, Berlin, Moscow, St. Petersburg , the cities of Ukraine and many other cities of the former USSR. The city's first railway station was opened in the s. During the Second World War, the iconic building of the main station, which had long been considered to be one of the Russian Empire 's premier stations, was destroyed through enemy action.
In the station was rebuilt to the designs of A Chuprina. The current station, which is characterised by its many socialist-realist architectural details and grand scale, was renovated by the state railway operator Ukrainian Railways in In , Odesa became the first city in Imperial Russia to have steam tramway lines, an innovation that came only one year after the establishment of horse tramway services in operated by the "Tramways d'Odessa", a Belgian owned company.
These routes were both operated by the same Belgian company. Electric tramway started to operate on 22 August Trams were imported from Germany. The city's public transit system is currently made up of trams, [] trolleybuses , buses and fixed-route taxis marshrutkas. Odesa also has a cable car to Vidrada Beach, [] and recreational ferry service. There are two routes of public transport which connect Odesa Airport with the city center: trolley-bus No. One additional mode of transport in Odesa is the Potemkin Stairs funicular railway , which runs between the city's Primorsky Bulvar and the sea terminal, has been in service since In , after many years of neglect, the city decided to raise funds for a replacement track and cars.
This project was delayed on multiple occasions but was finally completed eight years later in Odesa International Airport , which is located to the south-west of the city centre, is served by a number of airlines.
The airport is also often used by citizens of neighbouring countries for whom Odesa is the nearest large city and who can travel visa-free to Ukraine. Transit flights from the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East to Odesa are offered by Ukraine International Airlines through their hub at Kyiv's Boryspil International Airport. The most popular sport in Odesa is football.
The main professional football club in the city is FC Chornomorets Odesa , who play in the Ukrainian Premier League. Chornomorets play their home games at the Chornomorets Stadium , an elite-class stadium which has a maximum capacity of 34, The second football team in Odesa is FC Odesa.
Basketball is also a prominent sport in Odesa, with BC Odesa representing the city in the Ukrainian Basketball League , the highest tier basketball league in Ukraine. Odesa will become one of five Ukrainian cities to host the 39th European Basketball Championship in The cyclist and aviator Sergei Utochkin was one of the most famous natives of Odesa in the years before the Russian Revolution.
Chess player Efim Geller was born in the city. Gymnast Tatiana Gutsu known as "The Painted Bird of Odesa" brought home Ukraine's first Olympic gold medal as an independent nation when she outscored the USA's Shannon Miller in the women's all-around event at Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Figure skaters Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov won the and Olympic gold medals as well as the , , , and World Championships in ice dance.
Both were born and raised in the city, though they skated at first for the Soviet Union, in the Unified Team, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and then Russia. Hennadiy Avdyeyenko won a Olympic gold medal in thehigh jump, setting an Olympic record at 2. Odesa is twinned with: [].
Odesa cooperated with: []. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. City and administrative center of Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. For other uses, see Odesa disambiguation and Odessa disambiguation.
City in Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. Counterclockwise: Vorontsov Lighthouse , City garden , Opera and Ballet Theatre , Square de Richelieu, Potemkin Stairs , Monument to the Duc de Richelieu. Coat of arms. See also: Timeline of Odesa. See also: Russo-Turkish War — リンク元 関連ページの更新状況 ファイルをアップロード 特別ページ この版への固定リンク ページ情報 このページを引用 ウィキデータ項目. ブックの新規作成 PDF 形式でダウンロード 印刷用バージョン. このWikipediaでは言語間リンクがページの先頭にある記事タイトルの向かい側に設置されています。 ページの先頭をご覧ください 。. ページ ノート. 閲覧 編集 履歴表示. その他 閲覧 編集 履歴表示. 東山中学校・高等学校 北緯35度0分
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